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Les derniers jours d'une icône. Les Derniers Jours de Malcolm X
VENDREDI 17 DECEMBRE 2010
france5, 23h35 - 00h30
Type : documentaire
Le 16 Février 1965, lors d’un meeting, Malcom Little, connu sous le Malcom X, est abattu de 16 balles dans la poitrine à l’âge des 39 ans.
Par son action militante pour la création d’un état noir indépendant, il avait rendu aux noirs américains leur dignité dans l’Amérique de la ségrégation. Près d’un demi-siècle après sa mort, la
question demeure: Qui a tué Malcom X ? Ceux qui ont tiré étaient membres du mouvement radical ‘’ Nation of Islam’’ dont Malcolm X a été l’un des personnages les plus influents, mais on ne connaît
toujours pas les commanditaires de ce meurtre qui arrangeait certains dirigeants de l’époque. Malcom X s’était rapproché de Martin Luther King et de nombreux dirigeants africains qui critiquaient
la politique extérieure américaine dans les pays du tiers-monde. Y avait-il un plan au plus haut niveau de l’Etat pour éliminer certains leaders noirs ?
http://www.historia.fr/content/television/article?id=30616
Malcolm X's blazing, legendary autobiography, completed shortly before his assassination in 1965, depicts a remarkable
life: a child born into rage and despair, who turned to street-hustling and cocaine in the Harlem ghetto, followed by prison, where he converted to the Black Muslims and honed the energy and
brilliance that made him one of the most important political figures of his time -and an icon in ours.
It also charts the spiritual journey that took him beyond militancy, and led to his murder, in a powerful story of transformation, redemption and betrayal. Vilified by his critics as an
anti-white demagogue, Malcolm X gave a voice to unheard African-Americans, bringing them pride, hope and fearlessness, and remains an inspirational and controversial figure today.
Alex Haley , Paul Gilroy (Préfacier)
Poche - Broché
Paru le : 01/01/2001
Éditeur : Penguin
L'auteur en quelques mots en 2001...
Born Malcolm Little in Omaha in 1925, Malcolm X was the son of a Baptist preacher.
He grew up in Lansing, Michigan, but after the early death of his father in 1931 he was placed in a foster home, then reform school and eventually moved to his half-sister's home in Boston in
1941- Leaving school early, he made his way to New York and worked for a time as a waiter in Harlem. Soon part of the underworld, he began selling marijuana, became addicted to cocaine, turned to
burglary, and in 1946 was sentenced to ten years imprisonment.
While in prison he became a disciple of Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam sect, whose members were known as Black Muslims. Paroled in 1952, he spent the next ten years travelling throughout the
country speaking on behalf of the Black Muslim movement. It was at this time that he gave up his surname, which he considered a relit of slavery, and became known as Malcolm X. In 1963 he left
the Black Muslim movement after a disagreement with Muhammad and a feud developed between the Black Muslims and followers of Malcolm X.
He had also been criticized by more moderate leaders of the civil rights movement for his extreme anti-white views and advocacy of violent protest. In 1964 Malcolm X formed his own protest group,
the Organization of Afro-American Unity and renounced his earlier racism against whites, encouraging international brotherhood instead. The group had built up only a small following at the time
of Malcolm X's murder by Black Muslim assassins while addressing a rally in 1965.
His Autobiography, however, published in 1965, went on to became a great influence on black consciousness, especially the Black Power movement of the late 1960s. He was buried as El Hajj Malik
al-Shabazz, the name he had taken in 1964 after making his holy pilgrimage to Mecca. Paul Gilroy is Professor of African American studies and Sociology at Yale University. He is known as a
scholar of African diaspora cultures and has published widely on their literary, artistic, musical and political dynamics.
His books include Small Acts: Thoughts on the Politics of Black Cultures and Between Camps (Penguin, 2000).